Funny Softball Meme About Infielder Calling the Ball at Every Position

- Baseball is a Game of Movement -

Defensive Responsibilities

A simple, step-by-step approach for teaching coordinated team defense. including: 'What to do when the ball is not hit to you'.

Foundations

The Base

Mini Diamond - Super Tool

Positional Movement —> the system

Positional Movement - balls hit to the infield

Positional Movement - balls hit to the outfield

Coordinated Team Play

Foundations

The Game Played on the Smaller Diamond is Different

Many of us coaching kids baseball have been primarily exposed to the game played on the big diamond (90' base paths). Primarily as observers of the pro game. Some of us played on the larger diamond and possibly have coached in that environment.  Before jumping into teaching the kids game, we first want to recognize that the game played on the smaller diamond is different.

The players are not as strong, they do not move as fast, and there is the obvious fact that the bases and players are not spread out as much. The existence of these factors results in some fundamental 'rules' of how team defense is played on the large diamond to be executed differently on the small diamond.

This section of the website illustrates how to teach the 'small diamond game' to kids using a logical step-by-step, building-block approach.

A few examples of the differences between the two games:

• The pitcher breaks for third base on balls hit to the left side of the infield - at this level we have runners on first and second a lot. These runners are not that fast. Double plays are rarely turned. Getting an out, any out is a big deal. Training our pitcher to break for third, and practicing feeds from the third baseman and shortstop to third base will result in a lot of 5-1 outs, a few 6-1 plays over the course of the season. We also train our pitchers that, when they field a ball that takes them to the third base side of the rubber to feed the third baseman for a 1-5 put out.

• The second baseman covers first - when the first baseman in ranging to their right or coming in on a ground ball often the pitcher is also attempting to make a play on the ball, or is slow in getting off the rubber. Training the second baseman to cover the bag when not fielding the ball is important in youth baseball and softball.

• The pitcher is the cut-relay to home on All balls hit to the outfield - reasons:

1. Often the pitcher is the best athlete on the field ; we want them handling the ball as much as possible.

2. Unlike 90' baseball, the pitcher does not back up home plate . In most cases, there is not enough room behind home plate for the pitcher to get enough depth to properly back-up an over throw. If we send the pitcher back there, the backstop ends up doing most of the backing-up.

3. Learning and execution is simplified when the pitcher is the cut-relay player on all plays to the plate. Kids play a variety of positions at this level; at the very least, they play positions other than pitcher. That fact, coupled with limited practice time we have at the youth level, results in kids not getting the reps needed learn the nuances of each position.

• Outfielders back-up bases on every play. Even at the 12 year old level the outfielder are not that far from the infield. When they are not chasing down balls in the outfield, they should be sprinting in to back up throws to bases ...they develop this habit through drill work, not by us simply telling them. If you are new to this level, you will soon find out how important it is to have every throw to a base to have player backing-up.

• The underhand toss is used a lot more often. The players are so much closer together on the small diamond. Also, there are many more base runners, setting up a lot of force outs. Given these two points, each game has many situations where a throw of 20' or less is in order. The kids need to be taught how to execute an underhand toss and it needs to be practiced a lot. You may be shocked by the number of kids who don't know that toss the ball underhand is even an option.

• No need for the catcher to run down the line with the batter - at most parks (urban one's for sure) the perimeter fence is only 20'-25' beyond the base.

Baseball is a Game of Movement

We want to stick this concept with our players immediately at the start of practices. It will be reiterated constantly throughout the season in most drills and activities………because baseball/softball is a game of movement.

The 'Defensive Responsibilities' section of the website lays out a step-by-step system for teaching kids how to fulfill their roll as a member of a nine player unit, regardless of the situation or where the ball is hit on the field.

Before our kids are ready to learn their roll, they first must clearly understand that the foundation of their play is the need for them to move from their spot on the field when the ball is pitched to another spot on the field. Movement is critical.

Moving the Ball on Defense

There are two ways to transport the ball around the field:

1. Throw the ball

2. Run with the ball

Most kids only consider the first option.  We want to teach our players early on that they are not required to throw the ball in order to move it around the field.  It is perfectly acceptable to carry the ball.  Many young players do not recognize they have the option of carrying the ball to its destination.  They believe that the ball is only moved by making a throw.

When those times come up that a player is not sure what to do with the ball, we teaching them to run ( sprint ) with the ball straight for the pitching rubber.  Each step closer to the middle of the diamond, the player with the ball becomes a greater threat to the base runners. With each step, the base runners are less and less likely to attempt to advance. When the defense limits the runners attempts to advance, they reduce the number of throws they have to make, and therefore reduce the number of chances to make a mistake …and at this level, the players are good at making mistakes :)

The Ball is Constantly Moving

As soon as a player has control of the ball they must immediately move the ball...throw it, or run with it towards the pitching rubber. No standing in one spot holding the ball.. We want to instruct our players to 'keep the ball moving' when handling it on defense. When this concept is first introduced, the play in scrimmages will look a bit wonky because we are telling the players, if they don't know where to throw the ball, to take off running.

Our first goal is to pound in the idea of keeping the ball moving. Because players, especially outfielders, early in the season, are unsure of where to throw, they will be running with the ball quite a bit. That is ok, it is part of the learning process. They want to throw the ball. They will be motivated to learn their responsibilities for throwing.

In the mean time we are developing in them the recognition that getting the ball closer to the middle of the infield the more control they and the defense has over the base runners.

Soon they will be making quick and sound decisions for making throws. And worse case scenario they will keep the ball moving by running with it. They will also come to recognize that running with the ball is sometimes the smarter option. If the base runners are not attempting to advance, we do not want to risk making a throw. The players, especially outfielders, will learn they can run the ball in and deliver the ball to a teammate by handing it to them or flipping it a short distance, underhand. (see: getting the ball in to the Pitcher )

There Are Two Options for Making a Throw

1. Overhand Throw

2. Underhand Toss

       .....many kids are unaware of, or do not think about, the Underhand Toss option.

Get the Ball to the Middle of the Infield

When the ball is near the pitching rubber, the player with the ball is an equal, and significant, threat to all base runners.  This is why the pitching rubber is the destination for a player who is not sure of what to do with the ball.  While that player is heading toward the pitching rubber, they are assessing the the situation on the field.  It is likely that while they are on the move, they will figure out where to throw the ball, if needed. If they identify the need to make a throw, because they are so much closer to the center of the diamond, the distance of that throw is greatly reduced. This reduction in distance greatly increases the chances of executing a successful 'throw and catch play'.

The Catcher's Position

The catcher's position is one foot in front of home plate. The Catcher, squatting behind Home Plate, is not in their 'position'. That spot is where a catcher catches pitches. A catcher plays defense from in front of Home Plate. To give some perspective, we can call Home Plate 'Fourth Base' and call the Catcher the 'Fourth Baseman'.

The first day we work on team defense we want to explain that the catcher's position is Not behind home plate ...that is where a catcher receives pitches.  Once the ball is put in play the catcher moves to their 'position', in front of home plate ...out on the field with their teammates.

Catcher Responsibilities

1. Call out number of OUTS and location of RUNNERS before each new batter

2. After the ball is put into play: Call where to make the play (Infielders 'Echo' the call on

   balls in the outfield)

3. Communication on Cut-Relay Plays to Home Plate

The Base

Base is for the Runner; Ball is for the Defense

Kids take their cues from watching higher levels of baseball and softball. The most common (and most recognizable) out in the game is a force out at first base.

The visual is the first baseman catching the ball with their foot on the base standing in a stretch position.  Logically kids come to believe that is the way to position themselves to take a throw at a base. Plant their foot on the base and stretch forward with the other foot.

When kids cover a base, more often than not they put a foot on the base. This creates two problems. First, they are potentially interfering with the runner. Second, and more significantly, kids tend to prioritize keeping their foot on the base over any other action that might be required of them……cleanly catching an off-line throw being the most critical.

The fact is, the bases are out there for the runners. Before the base has any useful function for a player on defense, they need to have the ball .

We want to educate our players on these facts during our first practices, 'The base is for the runners, the ball is for the defense'.

Positioning at A base to receive a throw

At the youth level of play the positioning of the player in relationship to the base, when receiving a throw, is different than at higher levels of play.

Receiving Throws at Second Base and Third Base:

• Next to the base; only a few inches away, but not touching the base.

• On the side of the base the ball is coming from

• On the front side of the base (side the base runner is running towards)

• Squared up and facing the ball, in a Ready Position

• Keep their eyes on the ball and not the runner (once a teammate has fielded the ball)

Receiving Throws at First Base:

• Next to the base; only a few inches away, but not touching the base.

• On the infield side of the base (away from the path of the runner)

• Heel of throwing hand foot, next to center of the base (a few inches away, but not touching)

• Squared up and facing the ball, in a Ready Position ( not a 'stretch'^ position)

  ^ a first baseman remains in a 'Ready Position' until they see a thrown ball out of their teammates hand. They adjust their positioning, in relationship to the base, to catch the throw. Then they set up in a 'Stretch' position. If the throw is off line, starting in a 'Ready Position', not touching the base, makes it easier for them to move laterally to stop the ball from getting past the base.

Receiving Throws at Home Plate:

• Ready Position on the side of the plate facing the pitcher.

• A few inches off the plate, but not touching the plate.

• Squared up and facing the ball.

Ball First, Base Second

Before an out can be recorded at a base, the defensive player must have the ball. Kids need to be trained constantly of this sequence of prioritization. They tend to be overly concerned with being at/on the base, so they are in the best position to record an out, even when throws are off-line.

We need to constantly preach, "Ball First, Base Second". Point out to them that quite often throws do not come straight to the base. Teach them that in order to catch off-line throws, they are going to have to move away from the base ('Move Feet to Catch').

Explain to them that 'The runner is safe a lot'. While we would like to get an out every time, the reality is it is not going to happen. More importantly, we want them to understand that by prioritizing the ball they prevent the runner from advancing to the next base.

The ball is the key to the base

This is an effective analogy, especially for younger players. Kids understand a key is needed to open the door to their house. Without the key, they don't get inside to access food, warmth and shelter. If they don't have the ball they are not allowed to access (touch) the base.

Covering a Base

We teach our players: 'Cover the base with your eyes' . This means, once they recognize they are not responsible to get the ball, their responsibility becomes the base. Until they arrive at the base where they are needed, it is their only focus.

We want them to turn their gaze away from the ball, put their eyes on the base and get to the base as fast as possible. Once they are at the base, then they turn around and get in a Ready Position facing the ball.

Point out to players that it only takes a second to cover the base. Barely anything is going to happen while they are looking away from the ball. They are not missing out. A fun statement to drive home the need for them to cover the base while acknowledging their desire to see what is going on with the ball is, "Cover your base and watch the game from there".

Covering a base and receiving a throw is one of the most fundamental aspects of the game. We need to practice this often. When players do this correctly, team defensive play as a whole runs much smoother. This Drill should be one of first defensive drills of the year for our team. (watch: 0:25 - 0:42 of this video.)

During the year, this drill fits very well into our daily Skill Building Warm-up aspect of practice.

Look for other runners

Immediately after making a play at a base or tagging a runner, we want our player to turn towards the middle of the infield, in a Power Position, while Moving Their Feet, so they are prepared to make a throw.

If there are other runners attempting to advance to another base our player is ready to respond. We are teaching our players to always anticipate that another play needs to be made.

Often at the youth level of baseball and softball, kids are so consumed by the play they just made that they forget that there might another runner trying to get to the next base.

The teaching phrase 'Look for Other Runners' is literal. It describes what we want our player doing. We attach this phrase to the end of any drill or activity that involves making a play at a base or on a runner. (At higher levels of play the common phrase is 'Look for the next play'. This is not as descriptive as the phrase we want to use with our kids.)

When working with kids we want to structure our talk to be as literal as possible.

Mini Diamond - Super Tool

One of the most valuable tools a coach can use is the Mini Diamond. Any drill in which the focus of the teaching is something other than working on full on overhand throwing technique can be run on a Mini Diamond. Use of the Mini Diamond is referenced throughout the Coaching Guide.

A Mini Diamond is 20'-25' square, but can be modified larger or smaller depending on the activity.  It is constructed using cones, throw down bases, ball caps, extra shirts that are laying around, a leaf, anything.  Anytime we compact the teaching/learning environment we reduce distractions, improve communication and the players get many more repetitions during a drill.

Examples of drills that can be run using a Mini Diamond include relays, backing-up and base coverage responsibilities, and first and third defense. Keep in mind that for most activities the throwing and catching aspect is the last skill that needs to be mastered (and we take care of that during 'Playing Catch Practice').  Proper movement, positioning and communication need to be understood and mastered to some extent before be add the throwing aspect to cement the execution of the activity.

The Mini Diamond is also used to teach drills and plays before running them on the regular size field.   Players are able to get many reps in a short period of time on the Mini Diamond.  This more compact environment enable coaches to better communicate and teach.  When players take the learning and habits established on the Mini Diamond to the regular sized field, their work can focus primarily on throwing, catching and timing.

Positional Movement —> the system

"I'm Going to GO GET the Ball"

The first point to teach, in training our players on defense, is they react to the ball coming off the bat by Moving towards the ball. We establish the mindset, "I'm going to GO GET the ball". This means that each player on the field takes an aggressive step towards the ball as it comes off the bat. ' GO GET' …implies motion. We verbalize this phrase to our kids repeatedly throughout the teaching process.  Drill after drill, practice after practice, until they consistently execute this action themselves, we demonstrate by making an aggressive step and stating 'Go Get the ball'.

A body in motion stays in motion. Once our players establish the habit (requirement) of getting into motion each time the ball comes off the bat, each play, it is now much simpler to keep them moving to make a play on the Ball, move to cover a Base, or move to Back-up a Base,

Creating this habit in our players takes effort and energy on our part; it is worth our effort. This movement requirement applies toall players, regardless of where the ball is hit ...Example, third baseman on a ball hit to right field: The third baseman takes an aggressive step towards right field.  While making that initial movement, it becomes clear the third baseman is not going to get the Ball. However, they are now inmotion. Now there is a better chance they will remain in motion, leading them to fulfilling their responsibility for that situation….Cover Third Base.

BBB — 3 Individual Responsibilities

1. Ball

2. Base

3. Back up (a base/throw)

Regardless of level of play or the situation, each player on defense has one of three responsibilities: handle the BALL, cover a BASE, or BACK-Up a throw.  Once the ball is fielded and moved to another point on the field, the responsibilities of some players change, while most have to reposition themselves in relationship to the ball's new location on the field.

Early in the teaching process our objective is to train our players to correctly respond to where the ball is hit off the bat.  As the season progresses we want to teach our players that their our positioning on the field in relationship to the bases and the ball changes each time the ball moves.  That may be as subtle of a movement as a slight turn in order to keep their body facing the ball.  It may be more dramatic as running 30'-40' to reestablish the straight line relationship from the ball to the base to them in their backing up of a base.

Three Team Objectives

1. Stop the ball

2. Stop the runners

3. Get ball to the middle of the infield

Simple as this may seem, this is what the game is about.

Stop the ball - this begins by establishing in the minds of our players (and constantly reinforcing) that they want to go get the ball and get it as quickly as possible.

Stop the runners - the runners stop when they determine that further advancement might put them at risk of getting out.  Quickly moving the ball closer to the runners helps them to determine its time to stop.  The other way to stop a runner is to get the ball to the base ahead of the runner. Important note:  when using a throw to move the ball into position to stop the runners, point #1 comes back into play.  Often it requires a player backing up the throw in order to ultimately stop the ball (we'll address backing up soon).

At the youth level of play, no defense is truly out of the woods until the ball arrives at the middle of the infield and is securely in the hands of the pitcher.  It is critical to establish a mindset in our players that their defensive responsibilities do not end until the ball has arrived to the middle of the infield.  We also want to establish a sense of urgency to get the ball to the middle of the infield as quickly as possible - every play.

Move Towards the Ball

The old saying in baseball is, "Billy Bob, know what you are going to do with the ball if it is hit to you". What is left out of this statement is the eight other players. Are we teaching them what to do when the ball is not hit to them?

We first want to establish in our player's minds that they are going to get every ball that is put into play. We teach them to think, "I am going to GO GET the ball" the moment it comes off the bat. Our objective is for each defensive player to make a hard, aggressive step towards the ball when it is put into play.

This puts our player in motion. Once they are in motion it is easier for them to continue moving to the spot on the field where they are fulfilling their defensive responsibility. For most it will quickly be obvious that they aren't playing the ball, so they move to their next responsibility: cover a base or back up a base/throw.

The three players in the middle of the field: pitcher, shortstop, second baseman - "Always Move Towards the Ball" .  (This will be covered in detail later in this section.)

There are three situations (also covered in greater detail later in this section) where the shortstop and second baseman's response to this rule is modified slightly; when the ball is hit to the catcher, pitcher or center fielder:

• Catcher or Pitcher: shortstop covers second base; the second baseman backs up second base

• Center fielder: shortstop goes into the outfield "towards the ball"; the second baseman covers the base.

NOTE: in the instance of a ball being hit to the catcher or pitcher, the shortstop and second baseman are still moving 'towards' the ball which has been hit in the space between the two positions.  The same is true, in most instances, when the ball is hit to the center fielder.

Whenever the ball is hit to one of these three players (catcher, pitcher, center fielder) the shortstop is the player in position to potentially handle the ball.  Usually the shortstop is a better player than the second baseman and we want the more talented player handling the ball as much as possible.

There will be the odd instances when the roles of the two players will be reversed.  It would be difficult to go into too much detail here, but over time, and through experience playing and coaching the game, those exceptions to the rule will come up.

One example is a ball hit to the pitcher where the shortstop, thinking they may end up fielding the ball and moving aggressively to do so, is unable to cover second base.  In this case the second baseman then takes over the responsibility of covering second base.  (The center fielder is still there to back-up the throw to second base.)

There is no rule to determine when the second baseman takes over this responsibility.  Over time, players will learn to recognize this situation.  However this, and similar situations, lead to mistakes at all levels of play.

Positional Movement - balls hit to the infield

INFIELDER RESPONSIBILITIES & BASE COVERAGE

1. Field the B all

2. If you don't field the ball, cover a B ase ("Ball or Base")

3. If the base is covered, run beyond the base to B ack-up a throw to the base*

* Most kids' idea of backing up a base is to stand five feet behind the base. We want them 20-25' beyond the base. Simply telling them is not enough for them to Get It. We need for them to physically move to the correct distance beyond the base. This may require us to take them with us to the correct spot and say, "See how far away you are right now?  This is how far back you need to be in order to back up the base."

And they won't get it the first or second time ...we will have to teach it over and over.  But its worth the effort.  Over throws are a big part of the game at this level.  Coaches that train the kids to back up bases properly will see a vast improvement in team defensive play.

Infield Base Coverage Drill

 Running the Drill

• Objective: All bases are covered on each play.

• Set-up: Mini-diamond, 20'-25' square. Four infielders and catcher (the catcher is not necessary if you only have a group of four kids).

1. Coach rolls a ball to one of the four infielders.

2. Calls out "ground ball to <position>".  This is important because the kids are standing close together.

3. Infielders not fielding the ball move quickly to cover a base; turn and face the ball in a "Ready Position".

4. Player fielding the ball does not* throw the ball.

• When all bases are covered the drill repetition is over

• Players return to their positions and the coach rolls the ball to a different player/position

• After a few repetitions, put the players at different positions

IMPORTANT NOTE: When delivering the ball to the first baseman or third baseman, only roll the ball about one third of the way toward the base.  This forces the player to move far away from their base making it clear to the other infielders that it is not covered.  When working on movement responsibilities this clear visual of an uncovered base helps the kids recognize where they are needed.

*Later in the season, after the players have demonstrated they clearly understand their movement responsibilities, the drill can be modified. The catcher calls out which base to throw the ball to.  Using proper Underhand Toss technique, the player fielding the ball throws the ball to the base.  If the ball goes to a corner base they, players then throw the ball around the infield, base to base; each using proper Underhand Toss technique. If the initial throw goes to second base, the ball is then thrown to first base, then to home plate.

Infield Base Coverage Responsibilities - Explained

There are four infielders, the game is played with one ball and there are three bases.  The rule for infielders is 'Play the Ball, or Cover a Base'.  Each infielder has only two possible responsibilities: 1. Ball or 2. Base.  The formula for infield base coverage: 4 = 1 + 3; one player gets the ball; the three infielders that aren't playing the ball cover a base.....

The First and Third Basemen have one base they are responsible for; the Shortstop and Second Basemen have two bases they are responsible for; one to their Left and one to their Right.  These two players, positioned in the middle of the field, follow this simple rule:  If the ball is hit to your Left and you aren't fielding the ball, SPRINT to the base on your Left; If the ball is hit to your Right and you aren't fielding the ball, SPRINT to the base on your Right.

The rule for the players in the middle of the field is to "Move Towards the Ball"

When a Catcher participates in this drill, they also have a responsibility to move.  When the ball is delivered to the infield the Catcher leaves the spot where they receive pitches, behind home plate, and moves to their 'Position', which is in front of home plate.

Outfielder RESPONSIBILITIEs

1. Go Get the Ball

The first movement of all three outfielders is towards the ball. Their mindset is: "I am going to GO GET the ball".  Then, if they see the ball is not coming to their area of the field, they go to their second responsibility of Backing-up a base.

The outfielder that has the ball hit 'in front of them', either the Left Fielder or Right Fielder sprints straight towards the ball, and doesn't slow down until they see the ball cleanly fielded by an infielder.

Balls hit to the 3B/SS side of the infield are the responsibility of the Left Fielder.

Balls hit to the 2B/1B side of the infield are the responsibility of the Right Fielder.

The assumption of the outfielder, each time the ball is put into play in the infield, is that it will not be fielded and the outfielder will be getting the ball.

The outfielder (LF or RF) that has the ball hit on their side of the field, initially, does not have a Backing-up respsonsibility. The pitcher (and sometimes one of the infielders) backs up the corner base on the side of the infield the ball is hit. (see 'Pitcher' below)

2. Back-up

If an outfielder is not playing the ball, they are responsible to back up the base.  The Centerfielder backs-up second base.  There are times where the direction of the throw to second base is such that it can be a challenge for the Center Fielder to get into position to back up the throw.  That doesn't matter, the CF gets going and does their best to get into position to back up the base.

The Left Fielder and Right Fielder, in most cases, back up the corner base on their side of the field.  However, they need to recognize that some throws to second base are on an angle to the base that would send an overthrow right to a corner outfielder.  The LF & RF need to be aware of this possibility.  The LF & RF have two bases to back up.

Backing-up Bases Explained

OVERVIEW

Thrown balls getting past their intended target, specifically throws to bases, happens in almost every youth baseball game.  In most cases this occurs multiple times.   Given this common occurrence, which significantly impacts the number of runs a team gives up, why don't we invest time to drill and train our players to back-up throws to bases?

My experience observing youth practices and games, is coaches hollering to their players, "Back up those throws!"   However, getting our kids to recognize the importance of this aspect of the game and to develop urgency in their execution takes more than 'Telling' or 'Reminding'.  Getting our players in position to properly back up throws, requires repeated drilling to engrain it as habit. The good news is, we can give the kids the reps they need in as little as 5-10 minutes every second or third practice.

Also, in most drills, when we are working on other skills and game situations, by simply adding an extra player, we can incorporate the development of this important habit without eating up additional practice time.

OBJECTIVE

• Outfielders and Pitcher develop awareness of, and habit of, executing their responsibility of backing up bases.

SET UP

• Drill is run using the MINI DIAMOND.

• Players at each outfield position, approximately 30' beyond the infield diamond (mark those spots with cones).

• Coach stands a few feet from where the pitching rubber would be, on the home plate side.

• Pitcher, in the middle of the diamond, where the pitching rubber would be (marked by a cone) facing towards home plate and the coach

DRILL

1. The coach runs/jogs out to one of the four infield positions.  This action of the coach represents a ground ball.  While moving out to a given position, the coach hollers, "Ground ball to [position]!"

2. Which ever side of the field the ball is going to, the LF/RF sprints straight towards the ball, stopping only when they come within a few feet of the coach. RULE:  'I am going to Go Get the ball'

3. The pitcher sprints towards, and past, the corner base* on the side of the infield the coach/ground ball is going. RULES: P Always moves towards the ball   | Ball. Base, Back up (it is assumed for the purpose of the drill, that the corner base is covered)

4. CF and the corner outfielder opposite the side of the field the ball is hit to, after first making an aggressive in the direction of the ball (coach), sprint to back up second base and the opposite corner base.

5. *when running the drill on the first base side of the field. Place a an object (ball bucket, etc.) 10' from first base; this represents the base runner going to first base.  Instruct the pitcher to run BEHIND the base runner.  …to avoid collisions during games/scrimmage.

TEACHING POINTS

1. There are four players in the drill.  There is one ball that needs to be fielded, and three bases needing to be backed up.  One player goes for the ball; the other three back up a base (4 = 1 + 3).  All four players sprint until they are in position to fulfill their responsibility.

2. The 1st Rule for Defensive responsibilities is 'I am going to go get the ball'.  This is the mindset of all nine players on the field as the ball is put into play.

• When a ball is hit to the right side of the infield, the RF goes to get the ball.  A ball hit to the left side is the LF's ball.  They execute this rule by sprinting towards the ball (explain that we never assume the infielders are going to field/stop the ball).  The mindset of the LF/RF: 'when THE ball is hit on your side of the infield, YOU will be fielding the ball.

3. RULE: Ball, Base, Back up

• (for the purpose of the drill, it is assumed that each base is covered …and the Pitcher does not field the ball)

• Pitcher sprints to back up the corner base on the side of the infield the ball is hit to (after the coach/ball goes past them).  The two outfielders, the ball is not hit to, are not playing the ball, so their responsibility is to back up a base.

4. Backing up distance is 25' beyond the base…in line with the throw

• For the purpose of the drill (working on a MINI DIAMOND), we want the backing up approximately 15' beyond the base.

• Proper positioning is in line with the direction the ball would be thrown to the base… Ball------------> Base ------> Player Backing up.

• (Note in the diagrams where the backing up players end up.)

5. Concept:

• We want TWO players in position to catch every throw; the player at the base who we hope makes the catch, and a second player beyond the base to catch the ball, if it gets past the base.

6. All movements in the drill are a full out sprint .

WHAT WILL GO WRONG

• Players won't sprint (even though we just told them)

  Solution: constant reminding that baseball is a printing game.  Most kids just don't grasp this concept.  It will take ongoing emphasis by the coaching staff to instill this habit.  Figure on it taking 4-5 practices of constant badgering until they 'Get it'.

• Early on, most players, especially those age 10 and younger, will stand only a couple feet behind the base when backing up.

  Solution: constant correcting until they get it right (effort and persistence on part of the coach, and the recognition that the concept it's not as obvious to a kid as to an adult). Explain that they need to be far enough back in order to have time to react, and move to, the ball missed by the player at the base; while they need to be close enough to make an effective throw, if needed, when the base runner takes off to the next base.

• Backing up players will not get directly in line with the direction of a possible throw.  Some will be miles off the mark.

  Solution: at the conclusion of the drill (players have gotten to where they think they are supposed to be), for each player who is not lined up with the direction of a throw to a base, roll a ball firmly towards, and past the base.  This illustrates to the player where the ball will go if not caught at the base.  We have the player run over to get the ball.  Stop them when they pick-up the ball!  Then point out to them that they are NOW in line with the direction of the throw to the base

FINAL POINTS

1. After a couple of days of running the drill we want to expand the teaching of the backing up situation.  Point out that the fence line on most fields is only 10-15' behind first and third base.  In this circumstance, the corner outfielders will back up the base by playing a carom off the fence.  Ideally, they learn to run to where the carom will land.

2. The drill has the corner outfielders only backing up first or third.  We point out that some throws to second base are going almost directly towards the Left or Right Field positions.  Explain to the corner outfielders that they, in fact, have two baes to back up.  Usually it's the corner base; sometimes they are needed to back up throws to second base.

How does a player determine which base to back up?   …some aspects of baseball play are learned through experience.  There isn't a hard and fast rule to follow.  The reality is, like a lot of things in this game, mistakes will be made (multiple times).  After repeated exposure to a given situation, a player will begin to better anticipate what will happen.   At the youth baseball level, this is most often a years long process.  We coaches are not going to have players this age playing the game perfectly.

NOTE: This does not mean the Center Fielder is not attempting to back up on these throws.  The Center Fielder, on every potential throw to second base, is sprinting to get into position to back up the base.

Pitcher RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Field the B all

2. If not fielding the ball, cover a B ase

3. If the base is covered, run beyond the base to B ack-up a throw to the base

Pitcher Responsibilities - Ball Hit In The Infield

Corner Infielders

Third Baseman 

• I am going to GO GET the ball - React towards the ball. First action is always Towards the Ball. When it is recognized that another player will field the B all……

• Ball or Base - If the Third Baseman is not getting the B all, their responsibility is to cover the B ase. Early on this can be difficult to train. In many instances the Third Baseman figures, since nothing is immediately happening at third base, there is no urgency to cover the base. We need to make clear (and it will require repeating this instruction multiple times for a number of days/weeks: 'When you are not playing the ball, IMMEDIATELY cover the base. ……HINT: tell the player they can ' Watch the Play from the Base'. ……early in the teaching process, we want to eliminate the 'Wandering Third Baseman' from membership on our team.

• Back-up - Teach the Third Baseman to aggressively go after balls hit between them and the Shortstop or between them and the Pitcher. If a play needs to be made at second base or first base, the play for the Third Baseman, with their momentum going to their left, is easier than for the Shortstop.

If the Third Baseman doesn't get to the ball, and as the players develop the 'Ball, Base, Back-up' concept, the they can be confident another player will cover third base, if that is where a play needs to be made. In such a case the Third Baseman progresses to the B ack-up responsibility.

When the Third Baseman is backing up throws to third base, rarely will they be in the ideal spot when the throw is made. However, if they are sprinting towards the correct spot, they will be on their way to retrieving an overthrown ball. If we instill a sense of urgency in our players to fulfill their defensive responsibilities, in this situation the Third Baseman will often get to the ball quickly enough that the Base Runner does not attempt to advance to home plate.

• Side of the Base the Ball is Coming From - To avoid throws crossing the path of the Base Runner. Teach players to stand on the same side of the base as the ball's location on the field. (NOTE: at the 12u level we do not teach players to straddle the base. When straddling the base, young players rarely leave the base to make a 'sure' play on offline throws.)

First Baseman

• I am going to GO GET the ball - React towards the ball. First action is always Towards the Ball.

• Ball or Base - If First Baseman is not getting the B all, they quick move to cover the B ase. The First Baseman stands on the 'Infield side' of first base facing the player fielding the ball. (NOTE: at the 12u level it is not uncommon for a ball hit hard to the Right Fielder to present the possibility of a force out at first base. Alert First Basemen of this possibility. They need to quickly get to the base and get positioned to take a throw from the Right Fielder)..

• Back-up - Occasionally, when the First Baseman is aggressively going for the Ball, the play will evolve with the Pitcher and Second Baseman fulfilling the B all and B ase responsibilities. In this case, the First Baseman progresses to the B ack-up responsibility……all players follow the same progression of the Rule: 1) B all, 2) B ase, 3) B ack-up. When backing up throws to first base, we teach the players to cross the first base line behind the Base Runner (to avoid a collision and potential injury).

  Teach the First Baseman to be aggressively go after balls hit between them and the Second Baseman or between them and the Pitcher. As the players develop the 'Ball, Base, Back-up' concept, the First Baseman can be confident that another player will cover first base.

Catcher

• If you are not playing the B all,cover a B ase (home plate). Proper positioning is a few inches in front of home plate.

• Stay alert of throws in the direction of the home plate area of the field. Occasionally the ball will get loose and the Catcher fills the role of B acking-up. In most cases the Catcher doesn't have to move far from the plate to get the ball. ………If the Catcher does have to move a greater distance to get a loose ball, it becomes the responsibility of the pitcher to cover home plate. In such a case, the pitcher doesn't have the B all, so they follow the fundamental rule: 'Ball, B ase, Back-up' ……they cover a Base (home plate - '4th Base').

• Holler loudly to the defense, where to throw the ball……or to 'Eat it' and run the ball in to the Pitcher (if there is no play)

Positional Movement - balls hit to the outfield

NOTE: The rule of thumb, when the ball is hit to the center fielder, Pitcher or catcher, is the shortstop is positioned to handle the ball. The ball goes to cf, the ss goes out to get the ball; the second baseman covers the base. The BAll Goes to the P or c, the ss covers the base and the 2b backs up.

.

SS, 2b, P - Always Move Towards the Ball

...'The Three Players in the Middle of the Field Always Move Towards the Ball'

Corner Infielders

Third Baseman

• I am going to GO GET the ball - React towards the ball. First action is always Towards the Ball. In this case its likely just one step. Immediately it is recognized that the ball will be fielded by an outfielder……

• Ball or Base - If the Third Baseman is not getting the B all their responsibility is to cover the B ase.

• Side of the Base the Ball is Coming From - To avoid throws crossing the path of the base runner. Teach players to stand on the same side of the base as the ball's location on the field.

First Baseman

• I am going to GO GET the ball - React towards the ball. First action is always Towards the Ball. In this case its likely just one step. Immediately it is recognized that the ball will be fielded by an outfielder.

• Ball or Base - If the First Baseman is not getting the B all their responsibility is to cover the B ase.

• Side of the Base the Ball is Coming From - To avoid throws crossing the path of the base runner. Teach players to stand on the same side of the base as the ball's location on the field.

When the ball is hit to left field, this rule puts the First Baseman next to the inside corner of the base, which is in the path of the base runner. Teach First Baseman to allow the runner to pass the base, then get into position to receive a throw.

Convincing the First Baseman to cover the base on balls hit to the outfield can be challenging Their thinking is 'The runner made it to first base, I don't need to be here'. Teach them that the runner may go too far past the base, but not try to advance to second base. We need the First Baseman at the base to potentially take a throw as the runner tries to get back to first base.

The First Baseman does not leave the base until the batter-runner has reached second base. The only reason for the First Baseman to leave the base is to go after an offline throw coming to their area of the field.

Catcher

• If you not playing the B all, cover a B ase (Home Plate). Proper positioning is a few inches in front of home plate.

• Stay alert of throws in the direction of the home plate area of the field. Occasionally the ball will get loose and the Catcher fills the role of B acking-up. In most cases the Catcher doesn't have to move far from The Plate to get the ball. …………………………………………………If the Catcher has to move a longer distance to get a loose ball, it becomes the responsibility of the pitcher to cover home plate. In such a case, the pitcher doesn't have the ball, so they follow the fundamental rule: 'Ball, Base or Back-up' ……they cover a Base (Home Plate - '4th Base').

• Holler loudly to the defense, where to throw the ball……or to 'Eat it' and run the ball in to the Pitcher (if there is no play)

Coordinated Team Play

RULE —> Runners Not trying to Advance ……NO Overhand Throws

Near the end of each play, the base runners will recognize they have advanced as far as they can do so safely. Once the defense (most specifically the Catcher) sees the runners are not attempting to advance, our rule is our defensive players do not make overhand throws. Options are then limited to:

1. Carry the ball to its destination (run with the ball)

2. Hand it to a teammate (who they have run to)

3. Make a short underhand toss to a teammate (after running towards them to a point they are close enough to make a short, safe toss)

The player primarily responsible for recognizing the runners have stopped attempting to advance is the Catcher, who is the lead communicator for the defense, since that is the one position that can see the entire field at all times.

The Catcher hollers loud, "Eat it!" (meaning to hold onto the ball). That command is followed by, "Run it in!" (meaning, NO overhand throws; get the ball to the middle of the infield asap and in the hands of the Pitcher).

Getting The Ball In To The Pitcher

A common mistake made by youth teams is mishandling the ball while getting it back to the middle of the infield after a play has ended.

The definition for 'end of the play' is when the base runner(s) have stopped running hard and attempting to advance to another base.  Making a wide turn and/or dancing around baiting a throw are not examples of attempting to advance.

After the play has ended there is no reason to risk making an overhand throw.  We train our players to 'run the ball in'.  When moving the ball to a teammate, the options are to hand the ball off or make a short underhand toss.

Mishandling the ball while getting it back to the middle of the infield and in the the pitchers hands not only costs the defense by allowing runners to advance further than they had planned to; it also delays the game and extends the length of the game.  A big part of making youth baseball more fun for everyone involved is to keep the game moving along at a quick pace.

Full Team Movement Responsibilities

Below are two examples of the movement of the entire defense moving based on where the ball is hit.  The points in the 'Rules for Defensive Movement' section above are applied to these examples.  After training our kids in these rules they will get to a point where most react more quickly and instinctively to where they are needed on the field in any given situation.

These diagrams are provided less as a suggestion to run a drill with all nine players and more as a visual that a coach can use as a learning tool in preparation for teaching their players.

The primary point to take from these two diagrams is that on ground balls on a given side of the infield the outfielder on that side of the field DOES NOT immediately take off to back up a base.  Their first responsibility is to go for the ball, which means sprinting in behind the infielder attempting to field the ball.  It is not until the ball is cleanly fielded and the outfielder is not needed that they look for a place to back up, which likely would be the a potential second or third throw of the play.

Note: These diagrams are old and will be replaced at some point.  Ignore the 'key' at the top.

In this example we have a ball hit to the shortstop:

--> The rule for the other three infielders is to cover a base.

--> The rule for the CF and RF is that because they are not playing the ball they are backing up a base.

--> The rule for the Pitcher is "Always move towards the ball". In this case the Pitcher does not field the ball so they continue running in a straight line towards third base. They see the base is covered, so go to their next responsibility of backing-up the base.

--> The rule for the LEFT FIELDER, because the ball is hit to an infielder in front of them, is to go for the ball. Not until they see the ball is caught by the fielder in front of them does their responsibility change to moving to back up a throw. In this case getting to the initial backing-up position is not a concern because the Pitcher is backing up third base.

However, the Left Fielder does visually follow the ball and prepares for the possibility that the ball may be moved around the infield and they may be needed, later in the play, to back up a throw to second or third base.

In this example we have a ball hit to the Second Baseman.

--> The rule for the other three infielders is to cover a base.

--> The rule for the CF and LF is that because they are not playing the ball they are backing up a base.

--> The rule for the Pitcher is "Always move towards the ball". In this case the Pitcher does not field the ball so they continue running in a straight line towards first base. They see the base is covered, so go to their next responsibility of backing-up the base. They need to be sure to go behind the base runner when crossing the base line.

--> The rule for the RIGHT FIELDER, because the ball is hit to an infielder in front of them, is to go for the ball. Not until they see the ball is caught by the fielder in front of them does their responsibility change to moving to back up a throw. In this case getting to the initial backing-up position is not a concern because the Pitcher is backing up third base.

However, the Right Fielder does visually follow the ball and prepares for the possibility that the ball may be moved around the infield and they may be needed, later in the play, to back up a throw to second or first base.

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Source: http://www.baseballpositive.com/defensive-positional-responsibilities

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